As cases of mumps surge in Kerala, health authorities are on high alert, grappling with the challenge of containing the spread of the viral disease. With 2,505 reported cases this month alone, and a single-day count of 190 cases on March 10, concerns are mounting regarding the rapid transmission of the disease in the state. Here’s everything you need to know about mumps, from its symptoms to prevention measures.
Symptoms of Mumps
Mumps, caused by the paramyxovirus, typically begins with symptoms such as myalgia, headache, malaise, and low-grade fever. It progresses to unilateral or bilateral swelling of the parotid salivary glands, located below the ears. Other symptoms include fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, loss of appetite, and pain while chewing or swallowing.
Causes of Mumps Outbreak
Dr. Neha Rastogi, Consultant, Infectious Diseases, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, sheds light on the causes behind the mumps outbreak.
1. Lack of Vaccination
Mumps outbreaks often occur in communities with low vaccination rates. The MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine is highly effective at preventing mumps. However, declining vaccination rates can lead to outbreaks.
2. Close Contact
Mumps spreads through respiratory droplets and direct contact with saliva or mucus from an infected person. Close living quarters, such as college dormitories or military barracks, facilitate the spread of the virus.
3. Compromised Immunity
Individuals with weakened immune systems, due to conditions like HIV/AIDS or chemotherapy, are at higher risk of developing mumps and experiencing severe symptoms.
Mumps Treatment and Management
Mumps is a self-limiting disease, and treatment focuses on relieving symptoms. Hydration, pain killers, and proper nutrition are essential for managing the condition. Dr. Rastogi suggests supportive care, including rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers, to alleviate symptoms. Infected individuals should be isolated to prevent further spread, and vaccination remains the most effective preventive measure.
Prevention
According to Dr. Anil MU, Consultant Paediatrician and Intensivist, SPARSH Hospital, Bangalore, the MMR vaccine is the most effective way to protect against mumps. Practicing good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing and avoiding sharing utensils or drinks with infected individuals, can also help prevent transmission. Parents should ensure their children follow proper hygiene practices, and seeking medical attention is crucial if symptoms worsen or complications arise.
As health authorities intensify efforts to control the outbreak, public cooperation and adherence to preventive measures are paramount. Vigilance, vaccination, and hygiene practices are key to combating the spread of mumps and safeguarding public health.